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Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Antidiabetic Agent, Biguanide.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Action: Decreases hepatic glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity (increases peripheral glucose uptake and utilization).
Pharmacodynamics/kinetics: Onset of action: Within days; maximum effects up to 2 weeks.
Distribution: Vd: 654 ± 358 L; partitions into erythrocytes.
Protein binding: Negligible.
Metabolism: Not metabolized by the liver.
Bioavailability: Absolute: Fasting: 50% to 60%.
Half-life Elimination: Plasma: 4-9 hours.
Time to peak, serum: Immediate release: 2-3 hours; extended release: 7 hours (range 4-8 hours).
Excretion: Urine (90% as unchanged drug; active secretion).
